What is the total cost of eBike ownership?

Purchase price ($800-$5,000+) is the largest cost. Add a quality lock ($50-$150), helmet ($50-$200), lights if not included ($30-$80), fenders for commuting ($30-$60), and a rack/panniers if needed ($50-$150). Annual maintenance runs $100-$300. Battery replacement (needed every 3-5 years) costs $300-$800. Total 5-year cost of ownership: $1,500-$7,500 depending on bike quality and use frequency.